Neck Arthritis

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae located in the neck that support the head and protect the spinal cord. Between these vertebrae are joints, discs, cartilage, and other structures that work together to provide flexibility and stability.

As these structures naturally age, degeneration can occur within the cervical spine. Over time, cartilage may wear away, joints can become inflamed, and bone spurs may develop. These changes are commonly referred to as neck arthritis or cervical spondylosis. At Fox Valley Orthopedics, we provide personalized treatment plans designed to relieve pain, improve function, and help patients maintain an active lifestyle.

What Is Neck Arthritis?

Neck arthritis is a degenerative condition that affects the joints, discs, and cartilage within the cervical spine. As cartilage breaks down, the joints can become irritated and inflamed, resulting in pain and stiffness.

Changes associated with neck arthritis may include:

• Cartilage degeneration
• Joint inflammation
• Disc degeneration
• Bone spur formation
• Joint narrowing
• Reduced neck mobility

Although many people develop some degree of cervical degeneration with age, not everyone experiences symptoms.

What Types of Neck Arthritis Are There?

Several forms of arthritis can affect the cervical spine.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common type of neck arthritis. It develops as the cartilage within the cervical joints gradually wears away over time.

Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis refers to age-related degenerative changes affecting the discs, joints, and bones of the cervical spine. This is the most commonly used medical term for neck arthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that can affect the joints of the cervical spine, resulting in inflammation, pain, and potential instability.

Facet Joint Arthritis

Facet arthritis affects the small joints located between the vertebrae. These joints help guide neck movement and can become painful when degeneration occurs.

What Causes Neck Arthritis?

Neck arthritis most commonly develops as a result of age-related degeneration, though several factors can contribute to the condition.

Common causes and risk factors include:

• Aging and natural wear and tear
• Previous neck injuries
• Repetitive neck movements
• Poor posture
• Prior cervical spine trauma
• Occupational strain
• Genetic predisposition
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Smoking
• Degenerative disc disease

Many patients experience a combination of factors that contribute to cervical spine degeneration.

What Are the Symptoms of Neck Arthritis?

Symptoms can vary significantly depending on the severity of arthritis and whether nearby nerves are affected.

Common signs and symptoms include:

• Neck pain
• Neck stiffness
• Reduced range of motion
• Pain that worsens with activity
• Headaches
• Grinding or popping sensations during movement
• Muscle tightness
• Pain radiating into the shoulders
• Pain that extends into the arms
• Numbness or tingling in the arms or hands
• Weakness in the upper extremities

Some patients experience mild symptoms, while others develop significant discomfort that affects daily activities.

How Is Neck Arthritis Diagnosed?

Diagnosing neck arthritis begins with a comprehensive evaluation by an orthopedic spine specialist.

Diagnostic evaluation may include:

• Review of symptoms and medical history
• Physical examination
• Assessment of neck mobility
• Neurological evaluation
• Strength testing
• Reflex testing
• X-rays to identify degenerative changes
• MRI imaging to evaluate discs, nerves, and soft tissues
• CT scans for detailed bone imaging

Diagnostic testing helps determine the severity of arthritis while identifying any nerve compression or spinal instability.