Foot and Ankle Arthritis

Foot arthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints in the foot begins to wear down or becomes damaged. Cartilage allows bones to move smoothly against one another. When it deteriorates, the bones can rub together, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and difficulty with movement. Arthritis can affect any joint in the foot, but it most commonly develops in the ankle, midfoot, and big toe joints.

The foot contains 26 bones and 33 joints that work together to support your body weight and provide balance and mobility. When arthritis develops, even routine activities such as walking, standing, or exercising can become uncomfortable.

What are the Different Types of Foot Arthritis?

Several forms of arthritis can affect the foot and ankle, including:

Osteoarthritis

Often called “wear-and-tear arthritis,” osteoarthritis develops as cartilage gradually breaks down over time. It is most common in middle-aged and older adults but can occur earlier, especially in people with a family history of arthritis. [fvortho.com]

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition that causes the body’s immune system to attack healthy joint tissues. It frequently affects multiple joints and often begins in the smaller joints of the feet and ankles. [fvortho.com]

Post-Traumatic Arthritis

This type of arthritis develops after an injury such as a fracture, severe sprain, or joint dislocation. Even when an injury heals properly, damage to the joint can increase the risk of arthritis later in life. [fvortho.com]

Symptoms of Foot Arthritis

Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to significant limitations in daily activities. Common signs include:

• Foot or ankle pain
• Joint stiffness
• Swelling around the affected joint
• Pain when walking or standing
• Reduced range of motion
• Difficulty with daily activities
• Tenderness around the joint
• Increased discomfort after activity

Symptoms often worsen gradually over time and may become more noticeable after periods of rest or increased physical activity.

What Causes Foot or Ankle Arthritis?

The cause depends on the type of arthritis involved. Common factors include:

• Natural aging and cartilage wear
• Previous foot or ankle injuries
• Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis
• Family history of arthritis
• Repetitive stress on the joints
• Abnormal foot mechanics or alignment issues

These factors can contribute to joint degeneration, inflammation, and ongoing pain.

How Is Foot Arthritis Diagnosed?

A Fox Valley Orthopedics specialist will begin with a thorough review of your symptoms, medical history, and activity level. Your provider may also perform:

• A physical examination
• Evaluation of joint motion and alignment
• Walking and gait assessment
• Imaging studies such as X-rays to evaluate joint damage

An accurate diagnosis helps determine the most effective treatment plan for your specific condition.

What Are Treatment Options for Foot Arthritis?

Treatment focuses on reducing pain, improving function, and slowing progression of the disease whenever possible.

Nonsurgical Treatments

Many patients find relief with conservative care, including:

• Activity modification
• Supportive footwear or orthotics
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Physical therapy
• Bracing or immobilization when needed
• Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation

Surgical Treatments

If conservative treatments no longer provide relief, surgery may be considered. Depending on the affected joint and severity of arthritis, surgical options may include:

• Joint preservation procedures
• Joint fusion (arthrodesis)
• Joint replacement in select cases

Your orthopedic specialist will discuss the benefits and risks of each option and recommend the approach that best fits your goals and lifestyle.

When Should You See a Specialist?

You should schedule an evaluation if you experience:

• Persistent foot or ankle pain
• Swelling that does not improve
• Stiffness that limits mobility
• Difficulty walking or participating in normal activities
• Symptoms that continue despite rest or home treatment

Early treatment can help manage symptoms and protect joint function.

Foot and Ankle Arthritis Care at Fox Valley Orthopedics

At Fox Valley Orthopedics, our foot and ankle specialists provide comprehensive care for arthritis and other conditions affecting the foot and ankle. We develop personalized treatment plans focused on relieving pain, restoring mobility, and helping patients return to the activities they enjoy.

Schedule an appointment with Fox Valley Orthopedics at (855) 386-7846 to discuss your symptoms and explore treatment options for foot arthritis.